LycianMonuments

Typallia is located on a steep, rocky hill north of the village of Çitdibi, approximately 30 km from Antalya. It lies at a road junction between Trebenna and Kitanaura. Although the ruins were first visited by Spratt and Forbes, the identification of the site as Typallia was first proposed by Stephen Mitchell and has since … Read more

Although the city is recorded as Trabenna in the Patara Road Monument, inscriptions found at the site confirm the name as Trebenna. Trebenna is the northeasternmost city of Lycia and is located approximately 32 km west of Antalya. During the Hellenistic period, it came under the control of Termessos, a Pisidian city. In the Roman … Read more

Kibyra is located approximately 110 km southwest of Burdur, near the town of Gölhisar. The name Kibyra is not of Greek origin; although it is thought to derive from Luwian, its meaning remains unknown. The city represents the northernmost point on the Lycian road network depicted in the Patara Road Monument. However, Kibyra was not … Read more

The ruins of Bubon are located at a site known as Dikmen Tepe, near the village of İbecik in the Gölhisar district of Burdur. The city was one of the members of the Kibyratis Tetrapolis. After the defeat of the tetrapolis army by Rome, Bubon joined the Lycian League together with Oinoanda and Balboura, while … Read more

The ruins of Balboura are located in the Karaçulha locality of the Altınyayla district of Burdur. It is thought that, like Oinoanda, Balboura may have been founded by immigrants from Pisidia, as the city exhibits stronger Pisidian cultural characteristics than Lycian ones. Owing to conflicts with other Lycian cities, Balboura joined the Kibyratis Tetrapolis together … Read more

The ruins of Oinoanda are located near the village of İncealiler in the Seydikemer district of Muğla. It was one of the four major cities of the Kibyratis (Kabalis) region, together with Kibyra, Balboura, and Bubon. Although the city has been associated with Wiyanawanda mentioned in Hittite inscriptions, this identification remains highly debated. According to … Read more

The city of Pinara is located on the eastern slopes of the southern Antikragos Mountains (Baba Dağı), east of the Gulf of Fethiye, overlooking the Xanthos Valley. The settlement was constructed on a series of terraces ranging in elevation from approximately 330 m to 715 m. It is bordered by Xanthos to the south and … Read more

Dereağzı is a small Lycian settlement situated on a hill at the confluence of the Tokluca and Kasaba streams with the Myros River, occupying a strategically important position controlling the northern end of the Myros Valley. The settlement was first recorded in the modern period by Texier in 1836. Although located along one of the … Read more

Pygela is located on Kepez Hill, near the village of Güzören, approximately 12 km from Kumluca. Until the discovery of the Patara Road Monument, the identity of the ruins remained unknown. The routes listed on the monument corresponded to this location and identified it as the city of Pygela. This identification was later confirmed by … Read more

Tlos is located on the eastern side of the Xanthos Valley, at the foot of the Kragos Mountains (Akdağlar), approximately 25 km north of Xanthos. The site was first identified by Charles Fellows in 1838. The city’s Lycian name was Tlawa, and it appears in Hittite sources as Dalawa. Archaeological research conducted in Tlos and … Read more