Inscription TL 55 (in Lycian B)
It is a 9-line inscription on the north face of the sarcophagus, the so-called Lion Tomb. The inscription is one of the only two inscriptions (the other one is in Xanthos, on the west side of the Incribed Monument, the so-called Xeriga Monument (or Xanthian obelisk) written in the Lycian B (also called Milyan) language, which is thought to be a poetic version of Lycian, and the text is is divided into stanzas. It is thought that Pixre, whose name is mentioned in the first line, is the owner of the tomb.
Transliteration (Schürr, 2018):
I 1[eb?]añn[ẽ?]: mlu-te-ne-welputi: Pixre: Lijenuwi:
Pleliz: madrane: wirasajaja ’tm̃qrẽ: Lijaiz)
II me-’budi-ke: prijẽ: meri: zipsse: kudi: s[…]x̣a: q[…]
n’-epdi 2[.]lx̣ruje sepñnasi: sttrm̃mi: sebe: pasbã)
III eke: Pleliz: abura: me-’bei: tiṛbeti: zirãpla:
ne-lelixa nere: km̃masadi: xlusã: qereimedi)
IV ẽmu-we-te: q̣laxa: zppli-de: kãtdqẽ: Tṛqqñta<sẽ?>
3[?]ṇ’azxlp̣[.]ã kiḅẹ-ḍa[.(.)]pa[.]ãna kuprimẽ)
V me-uwe Memleje: pri-p̣e trija date qirzẽ qabalimedi:
sljtãmi udṛñte: sebe-kuprimesi k<ñ?>ta-ẽ: xị[sñ?]te-j-epñ)
VI 4[?]aṭa: ãpiti[-pe? a?]tli: Lijanuwa kụli-ke: mru[w?]asi:
tidñta: xbade: s<e>be: purese: mñnusama: lajata)
VII epe-des: qajã: Wesñteli: prijãmi:[…] qrbblali:
Sebeda Xba ladã: t[u]wẽm[i] 5leị:[..]d[..]: erei[m]edi)
VIII epe-palarã: wzza[:]ijesi: ãla: xi: zinase:
Trqqiz: ki-kikiti: seb’-[u]wedṛiz: qlei: masa<i>z)
IX me-i-’bei-pe: tuwi-be-w’-ẽnẽ: slatu: wesedi: prijãma:
6pasñte:[….]ẹse atrala: seb’-erbḅi: km̃qi-ke: ‘lbbeweli)
X kapsaqẽ: pinau: utm̃qrimi: mlu neriu:
muwaxa: tuwẽmedi: Xaba: tutasiz: ne-kike-’pñ[)]
XI 7mlụ[:]xrau Plluwi[:]zuta: ne-k’-irelesi: ki-xrãti
ziwalã: ne-ke: luwadladi: ki-llete ’rblẽ: qereimedi)
XII ubreñza ’brala: ut-eñneri: ’rm̃paimi: m̃qri[ñ]8ti:
zm̃pra: qelei: punamadijedi: ãala: tuxaradi)
XIII ssepssẽ: qirzã: Trqqñtasati: kdi: a: qelẽ-n-ẽti:
ñtete: xrbbla<tã? ca. 14 characters>9i: Tunewñṇi<j̣e?>)
XIV sñ<
Inscription TL 56
It is on a rock-cut tomb on the eastern slope of the acropolis hill, just below the so-called Doric tomb. The 4-line Lycian inscription is located just below the round beams. There is also a 2-line Greek inscription below the Lycian one.
Transliteration (Melchert, 2001):
1 ebẽñnẽ prñnãwu: m=e=ti prñnawatẽ
2 ixtta: hlah: tideimi: hrppi ladi: ehbi
3 se tideime: ehbije: se=ije ti edi: tike: mẽtẽ:
4 m=ene qasttu: ẽni: qlahi: ebijehi: se wedri: wehñtezi
Translation (Bryce, 1986):
This building Ixtta, son of Hla, has built (it) for his wife and his children. And who (ever) commits an offence (?) against them, let the mother of this sanctuary(?) and the municipality of Wehñta (= Phellos) pass judgment upon him.
Inscription TL 57
It is on a rock-cut tomb on the northern hills of the city. The 7-line Lycian inscription is on the upper crossbeam and door lintel. There is also a late-dated 2-line Latin inscription above the Lycian inscription on the molding.
Transliteration (Christiansen, 2020):
3 ebẽñnẽ: xupu: m=e=ti: prñnawatẽ: idamaxzza: uherijeh
4 tideimi: hrppi: ladi ehbi: se tideime: se=i pij̣ẽtẽ
5 pijatu: miñti: ẽtri xupu: sixli: aladehxxãne: se hrzzi
6 tupm̃me: sixla: hrzzi: prñna<w>i: me=i: ñtepi tãti
7 ịḍạ̃ṃạx̣ẓẓã: se ladụ? ẹ?[hbi] ṣẹ=ịj̣ẹ ṇẹ [h?]ṛ?[p?i?] ṭạ̃ti tike
8 kbi: hrppi=je=mẹ=i: tạdi: tike: m=ene: tubeiti: mãhãi
9 huwedri: se itlẹḥi: trm̃mili: ebi=d=alahadi=ti: ebei: ñte
Translation (Christiansen, 2020):
This tomb has built Idamaxzza, the son of Uherije for his wife and the children. And they have given a gift/fee/charge/delivery(?) to the miñti (in order) to make the lower chamber ready for allocation(?) for (one) shekel and the upper for two(?) shekels. And inside the upper chamber they will/shall place Id[am]axzza and wife … A]nd [they] will/shall not place anyone else [on top/in addition]. (If) one places anyone on top/in addition, then all(?) the gods will strike him and the Lycian itlehi – or who assigns(?) (anyone) thereon(?) inside this place.
Inscription TL 58
It is on a rock-cut tomb on the northern slope of the acropolis hill. The 7-line Lycian inscription is on the upper crossbeam and door lintel. There is also a late dated 2-line Latin inscription above the Lycian inscription on the molding.
Transliteration (Christiansen, 2020):
1 [ebẽñnẽ] xupã m=ẽ=ti prñnawatẽ sbẹlimi sñneteh tideimi:
2 [… …]ụ?ḍ?ṛ?ạ?ḥ?i hrppi: ladị ehbi: se tideime: sẹ pije[t]ẹ̃ miñti:
3 [… …]upeẓịde [st]tati tdi ẽti: sbelimi: sijẽni teli se lada:
4 [… … … ] ḥṛp̣p̣ị=ttãna hrppi=(i)je=ṃe=i tãti tike terihe
5 [m=ene tubeiti … trm̃m]ili: se hpp̣ñterus ṃạ̃hạ̃ị miñtehi
Translation (Christiansen, 2020):
This] tomb has built Sbelimi, the child of Sñnete, […] of […]udra(?), for his wife and the children. And he has given (to/for the) miñti (3)[ ………….] on which […]upezide(?) is/will be [pl]aced, where Sbelimi lies and the wife. [ ……………. not] to place [on] top/[in] addition. (If) they place anyone as a third one, [then the Ly]cian [itlehi(?) will strike him/bring him to death] and the miñtian community of libation priest(s)(?) of the gods/the miñtian (community of) libation priest(s)(?) of the gods belonging to the miñti.
Inscription TL 59
It is on a rock-cut tomb in Antiphellos.
Translation (Melchert, 2001):
1 ebẽñnẽ: xupã: m=e=ti prñnawatẽ: qñturahi: hrppidubeh:
2 tideimi zimasttrah: tuhes: me=i(j)=adi tike: tihe
3 zum̃m[ẽ/ã m=ene tu]beiti: muhãi: huwedri:
Translation (Houwink ten Cate, 1961):
This tomb, Qñturahi, the son of Hrppiduba/i-, the nephew of Zimassttra-, has built (it]; and if someone causes (makes) any damage, the assembled (confederate?) Gods shall punish him.
Inscription TL 60
It is on a piece of stone found in Antiphellos.
Translation (Melchert, 2001):
1 [……………………….]uwezeh tidei[mi]
2 […………….hrppi atl]i se ladi se tid[eime]
Translation:
[…………………..] chi[ld] of […..]uwezeh […………….for himsel]f and his wife and his chil[d(ren)]
Inscription TL 61 in Bayındır Bay (Limanağzı)
It is on a rock-cut tomb in Bayındır Bay (Limanağzı – Sebeda) south of Antiphellos.
Translation (Melchert, 2001):
1 ebẽ: prñnawã: m=e=ti: prñnawatẽ: sbikezijẽi: mrexisa: tideimi ladi ehbi: se tideime:
2 ẽnẽ: xñtawata : wataprddatehe:
Translation (Schürr, 2012):
This building was built by Sbikezijẽi, the child of Mrexisa, his wife and children under the reign of Wataprddate.
Inscription N 321
It is on a rock-cut tomb in a location called Tehnelli near Kaş (Antiphellos).
Translation (Melchert, 2001):
1 ebẽñ[nẽ… –
2 tehe […
3 ladã: eh[bi… -]
4 zi: tike […
5 melitẽ[…
Translation (Bryce, 1986):
This building [… …]tehe [… … for h]is wife [… … if?] someone/anyone [… …] ..melitẽ
References:
Bryce, T. R. 1986 The Lycians Vol.1: The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources, Kopenhagen.
Christiansen, B. 2020. ‘Grave Matters. Legal Provisions for a Proper Final Rest in Classical Lycia’, in Das Xanthostal Lykiens in archaisch-klassischer Zeit, ed. M. Zimmermann, 166-261.
Houwink ten Cate, P. H. J. 1961. The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera During the Hellenistic Period, Leiden .
Kalinka, E. 1901. Tituli Asiae Minoris, Vol.1, Vindobonae.
Melchert, H. C. 2001. LycianCorpus.pdf at www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/Melchert
Neumann, G. 1979. ‘Neufunde lykischer Inschriften seit 1901’, ÖAW Phil.-Hist. Kl. Denkschriften 135, Ergänzungsbände zu den TAM 7, Wien.
Schürr, D. 2005. ‘Das Pixre-Poem in Antiphellos’, Kadmos 44, 95-164.
Schürr, D. 2012. ‘Der lykische Dynast Arttumbara und seine Anhänger’, KLIO 94, 18-44.
Schürr, D. 2018. ‘Die lykischen Gedichte I: Rekonstruktion der poetischen Form’, academia.edu.
Images:
E. Kalinka, 1901
G. Neumann, 1979
D. Schürr, 2005
B. Christiansen, 2020
Tayfun Bilgin, 2022
Reha Özer, 2022
Haluk Akpınar, 2023
Bora Bilgin, 2022, 2023